• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ie Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Richtungsbestimmung einer Kontur in einer Vorlage. Bei der optoelektronischen Abtastung der Vorlage werden außer dem Bildsignal noch vier Umfeldsignale aus einem in vier Quadranten unterteilten vergrößerten Abtastbereich um die Bildpunkte gewonnen. Aus den Umfeldsignalen sich gegenüberliegenden Quadranten werden Differenzen gebildet und durch Auswahl der maximalen Differenz zunächst derjenige Quadrant festgestellt, durch den eine Vorlagenkontur läuft. Anschließend wird aus den Differenzen der Umfeldsignale sich gegenüberliegenden und benachbarten Quadranten unter Berücksichtigung des Anfangswinkels des jeweils festgestellten Quadranten der Winkel ermittelt, der von der Kontur und einer Bezugslinie eingeschlossen wird.
    公开号:SU1414329A3
    申请号:SU833529505
    申请日:1983-01-06
    公开日:1988-07-30
    发明作者:Шварц Роберт
    申请人:Др-Инж.Рудольф Хелль Гмбх (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:


    O4
    The invention relates to the field of automation, in particular, to a method for determining the direction of a contour line in an image of an object and a device for its implementation, and can be used in the manufacture of dilated or unpainted printed forms of reproduced originals,
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of determining the direction of the contour line in the image of the object.
    FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device; Fig. 2 is a graphical depiction of the reading zone; Fig. 3 shows signal characteristics; Fig. 4-8 shows examples of a specific design of a scanning unit and a differentiating unit, a contour selector, a quadrant selector, a computing unit and an optical unit of the scanning unit, respectively.
    The device includes (FIG. 1) a rotating drum 1 with an original 2 fixed on it, an illuminated beam (light point) 3 and reflecting the reading light 4, lens 5, scanning unit 6, differentiating unit 7, computing unit 8, switch 9, selector 10 contour and selector 11 quadrants.
    The selector 10 comprises a summing amplifier 12, the first 13 and second 14 differentiating amplifiers and the threshold unit 15, the directions of rotation 16 are also shown in FIG. 1 and. moving
    17 drum 1 respectively, outputs
    18 and 19 of block 6, the outputs of 20.21-differential blocking block 7, the outputs 22 of the quadrant selector 11,
    Figure 2 presents labeled. as a point of the image, the central zone O is read in the form of a circle with a center 23 and four concentrically arranged annularly shaped quadrants A, B, C and D of the surrounding background. The area covered by the quadrants of the surrounding background A, B, C and D approximately corresponds to the value of the light point 3.
    In Fig. 2, block 6 is indicated by an arrow 24 and a reference line 25 passing perpendicular to the reading direction through center 23. In addition, Fig. 2 shows circuit 26 on sample 2, taken in the form of a straight line, moreover under outline gra is understood.
    jj

    five

    0
    five
    There is a distinctive line between zones 27 with different tonal gradations or densities. The contour 26 is represented at that moment in time where, due to the relative movement between the original 2 and block 6, it passes directly through the center 23. In the area 28 to the left of the contour 26, the original may have a darker gradation, and in the area
    29 Right from the contour 26 lighter tonal gradation. The passage from the light to the dark contour 26 may, in addition, form an angle with the reference line, which must be determined.
    The image signal Uj obtained in block 6 is a measure of the luminance of the readout zone O or the image point, and the signals U to Ui of the surrounding background are a measure of the brightness of the corresponding points of the image points quadrant A to D.
    Fig. 3 shows the character of the passage of the signal UQ of the image and the four signals and Ug, U. and U of the surrounding background depending on the angle, namely for the case when the transition from light to dark contour 26 could be derived from reference line 25 (0) from full circle around the center of the clockwise direction. Next, block 6 is corrected so that the image signal Ug and the signals U-. to U the ambient background with uniform illumination of all areas of the quadrants had the same signal amplitudes.
    The scanning unit (Fig. 4) contains optoelectronic transducers 30-34, such as photodiodes, and adjustable amplifiers 35-39. Optoelectronic transducers from 30 to 34 convert a readout beam of light received from the central and developable zone O and quadrants from A to D of the surrounding background (Fig. 2) into the U signal of the image and the signals from Id to Ujj of the surrounding background. By adjusting the gain level of the amplifiers from 35 to 39 optoelectric converters with
    30 to 34 can be equalized for the same sensitivity.
    The differentiating unit 7 (FIG. 1) contains differentiating amplifiers 40-47.
    The selector circuit 10 (fig.Z) contains a summing amplifier 12 with inputs 48-51, the first 13 and the second 14 |
    Beef block 15, which includes comparators 52, 53 and element 54.
    Figure 5 also shows the threshold input 55 and the output 56 of the differentiating amplifier.
    The quadrant selector 11 (Fig. 6) contains comparators.-57, 58 and element And 59 for quadrant A, comparators 60, 61 and element And 62 for quadrant B, comparators 63, 64 and element 65 for quadrant C and comparators 66, 67 and element AND 68 for quadrant D.
    may be missing.
    The device works as follows.
    An original 2 is attached to the rotating drum 1 for reading, which may have half-tone images, font characters or 10 font graphic elements with any course of contours. The original 2 is illuminated by the light point 3 of the light source, dotted and line by line. In the case of an opaque original, the reflected one, and the Computing Unit (Fig. 7) contain 15, while transparent, the past and modulates the first 69 and second 70 groups in terms of brightness of the reading light of the keys, the first amplifier 71, the divider enters through the lens 5 and the block 72 eg The second amplifier 73, 6, moving perpendicularly to the -. adder 74f, the third key group 75, readout axially along sensors 76-78 voltages and the third usi-2o drum 1 in the direction of arrow 16. driver 79. with output 80. Block 6 converts the read
    As shown in Fig. 8a, a so-called quadrant photodiode is shown as an optoelectronic converter 81, which is encountered with a reading of the ambient background, a falling beam 4 coming through a volume. Thanks to the received rotation of the sweep connector 5 to block 6. Quadrant 26 around the center 23, a separate photodiode 8-1 has insulated quadrants from A to D surrounding one optically 82 surface of the Optics- Background varies light dark of the coating entrance, formed according to the surface of the surface, thereby measuring with area O read and with the renown brightness in separate zones, four quadrants from A to D, the ambient background signal of the receiving background (Fig. 2), and outputting a highlight with a luminous backlight beam 4 into the image signal Uo, and the selected example of execution - in four signals D, U, Uj,
    A new gradation has a higher voltage value, and with full coverage with darker tonal gradation it has a lower voltage value, and between extreme values, the signal has a stroke depending on the level of surface coating or
    moves five selective output sig. of the image, i.e. Uj, of the image and with the id to Uj of the surrounding background.
    Another variant of the optical assembly of the block 6 is shown in FIG. 86, where the reading light beam 4 is located
    an annular mirror 83, which reflects the turn 40, em from the read light beam 4, a partial beam 84. The hole 85 in the center of the mirror is the aperture of the image point through which the converging light beam hits the photodiode 30 from the O sweep zone. Photodiode 30 outputs an image signal Uo. A chute beam 84 represents an ambient background in which
    A new gradation has a higher voltage value, and with full coverage with darker tonal gradation it has a lower voltage value, and between extreme values, the signal has a stroke depending on the level of surface coating or
    The angle between the reference line and the transition from light to dark contour is determined as follows.
    First, the quadrant of the ambient background is determined in the first operation, in which the transition from light to dark contour is in the direction of the angle. For this one of the four signals
    there are four surfaces 86 of the light beam of the ambient background of the bypass input of the ordered light, respectively, four difference beams 87. To the surface of the 88 signal (Uj, - Uj), (U - Up) ,
    (Ug - Ujj) and (and; id) and from them extract the maximum difference signal, ode 31-34, they give out four signals 55 can be seen from the signals in FIG. 3, each id to and the surrounding background. Alter; This quadrant of the ambient background is characterized by a certain maximum difference signal, namely, in the quadrant A of the ambient background of the max. light output of the light guide beam 87, connected to the photodynamically, the sweep light beam can be transmitted using a rotating rotating drum 1 for reading a rotating sweep 1 for reading. 2, which may have halftone images, font characters, or font elements of graphic images with any course of contours. The original 2 is illuminated by the light point 3 of the light source, dotted and line by line. With an opaque original, reflected and, with a transparent one, the reading light transmitted and modulated in brightness comes through the lens 5 and the block 6 moving perpendicular to the reading direction axially along the drum 1 in the direction of the arrow 16. The block 6 converts the reading
     Due to the received rotation of the contour 26 around the center 23 in separate quadrants from A to D of the surrounding Background, the bright dark surface of the surface changes, thus the measured brightness in certain zones, and the signal of the surrounding background with full coverage from the lighter light beam 4 to the signal Uo of the image, and in the chosen example of execution - to four signals A, U, U,
     Due to the received rotation of the contour 26 around the center 23 in separate quadrants from A to D of the surrounding Background, the bright dark surface of the surface changes, thus the measured brightness in certain zones, and the signal of the surrounding background with full coverage with lighter then
      turning
    A new gradation has a higher voltage value, and with full coverage with darker tonal gradation it has a lower voltage value, and between extreme values, the signal has a stroke depending on the level of surface coating or
      turning
    The angle between the reference line and the transition from light to dark contour is determined as follows.
    First, the quadrant of the ambient background is determined in the first operation, in which the transition from light to dark contour is in the direction of the angle. For this one of the four signals
    .14U3296
    the difference signal is small (Uj, - U,), in columns 1 and II of the table the corresponding quadrant B is the difference signal (U - quadrants from A to D of the surrounding signal - U (.), in quadrant C - the difference signal (Ug -, ) and in quadrant D is a difference signal (Uj. - U). Thus, thanks to the choice of the maximum from
    background and outputs the appropriate recognition signals of quadrants from A to
    D to the inputs of block 8 for calculating the angle.
    The four differential signals reveal the corresponding quadrant of the ambient background.
    After the corresponding ambient background quadrant is known, in the second operation of the method the corresponding angle is calculated from column 1 and II of the table; the corresponding quadrants from A to D of the surrounding
    background and outputs the appropriate recognition signals of quadrants from A to
    columns 1 and II of the table are the corresponding quadrants from A to D of the surrounding
    D to the inputs of block 8 for calculating the angle.
    The last of the eight difference signals in column III of the table at 0, depending on the detected quadrant of the surrounding background, determines the corresponding angle.
    From signals from CD to Up using a summing amplifier with a force
    The previously defined difference signals 15, by 0.25, a signal Uj is formed among the additional difference signals (UA - Uj), (Up - Uc), (and, - and)
    and (Uj) - CD) according to the table:
    Signals received from block B from the front to Ujj of the ambient background come to the differentiating block 7. Signals from the UA to and the surrounding background, as well as the signal Uj, are fed through conductors 19 to the selector 10, at the output of which, when the circuit passes through the center 23 readout (FIG. 2), a control signal is generated.
    The signals from the outputs U ,, U are output to the device.
    In differentiating unit 7 of the four input signals from the ambient background form eight specified difference signals, which from the outputs of block 7 are fed to the inputs of the computing unit 8 for calculating the angle. In addition, the difference signals (Ujj - Ug), (id - and), (Ug - i5) and (and, - CD) are fed to the inputs of the selector 11 of the quadrant, which recognizes by
    0
    its value according to the equation and "0.25 (id + UB + Uc + U-n).
    The average signal U and the image signal UD are fed to the first differentiating amplifier. 14, in which form a difference signal:
    .
    Based on the specified correction conditions, the difference signal U Oh,
    5 when, as shown in FIG. 2, circuit 26 passes exactly through the center 23 of the reading zone O. Thus, the condition UO is a criterion for the presence of a contour in the original. In order to make the circuit recognition insensitive to oscillations of the signal, the difference signal is compared in the block 15 connected to the differentiating amplifier 13 with a predetermined threshold value S and the control signal U j The loop is detected on line 22 when the difference signal U is within the trigger zone iS, defined by a threshold value.
    The comparators of the selector 11, to which the differential signals (Uj - Ug), (Id - - Uc,), (Uj - Ujj) and (i - id) are applied to column I of the table, set the maximum difference signals, respectively. By defining maximum difference signals in the corresponding elements of AND, the quadrants A to B corresponding to columns I and II of the table from A to B will surround the background.
    If, for example, the difference signal (U-n -and.) Has the maximum value
      rm
    then only in comparators 57 "and 58 and thus in element 59. the level of the output signal. a is 1, while in all other elements of 62, 65 and 68 the level of the output signal is 0, the level of the output signal 1 in this case is talking about
    714
    that quadrant A of the surrounding background was recognized.
    The differential signals obtained in differentiating unit 7 are fed to two controllable recognition signals of quadrants A to D with analog switch 69 and 70, which are symbolized by mechanical means of switching during the image.
    Depending on the quadrants from A to D of the surrounding background, recognized in the selector of 11 quadrants, or from the corresponding signals from A to D of quadrants of the surrounding background, in the analog key 69 select the difference signals necessary according to column III of the table to get the numerator Z, and in analog The key 70 selects the difference signals necessary for the formation of the denominator N. The difference signals selected in the analog key are amplified in the connected amplifier 71 with the gain factor / 2 and fed to the divider 72 as the Z signals. The difference signals in the analog key 70 are amplified in the second amplifier 73 with a gain of 1 and, as N-signals, are also supplied to the divider 72, which calculates the fraction Z / N. A divider 74 is connected to the divider 72, in which, if necessary, the values of l / 2, / or are added to the calculated fraction according to column III of the table. To do this, selectively connect an additional analog switch 75 to the adder, which can control, with the signals B, C and D, quadrant recognition, three voltage sensors 76-78 for the value of / (/ 2, and through another amplifier 79 s gain factor The output values of adder 74 represent the desired angles.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. A method for determining the direction of a contour line in an image of an object based on point-by-point and sequential scanning of an image
    object, scanning the optical signal of the image of the object into separate quadrants of the scanning zone, converting it into quadrant readout signals and generating a reference signal during intersection
    the scanning beam of the contour line of an image of an object, characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy, differential signals are generated by subtracting the read signals of opposite and adjacent quadrants, each differential quadratic signal is assigned
    the signal, which is formed from the signal readings of quadrants adjacent to a given quadrant and opposite to each other, determines the maximum difference signal and the corresponding one
    quadrant, select the difference signal formed from the read signals of the set and adjacent quadrants, determine the ratio of the selected and maximum
    the difference signals and fix the angle of the contour line at the time of the presence of the reference signal as the sum of the initial angle of the set quadrant and the additional angle corresponding to the product / 2 and the resulting ratio.
    [2]
    2, The method according to p, tl and h and y with the fact that the reference signal, signaling the passage of the contour line of the image through the center of the reading zone, is formed from the difference between the read signals of the center and the average value of the read signals quadrants.

    [3]
    3 A device for determining the direction of a contour line in an image of an object containing a scanning unit, informational input which is optically coupled to a carrier
     images, and information outputs
    connected to a summing amplifier,
    computing unit, information
    the output of which is connected to the information
    The 5th input of the switch, the informational output of which is the information output of the device, and the threshold unit, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy
    0 of the device, it contains a differentiation unit, the information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the highlight of the scan, and the information outputs are connected to
    g one information inputs of the computing unit, a quadrant selector, whose information inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the differentiating unit, and information outputs are connected to other information inputs of the computing unit, and differentiator amplifiers, the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding information outputs of the summing amplifier and scanning unit and the output is connected to the information input of the threshold unit, the output of which is connected to the control input of the switch.
    [4]
    4. A pop-up device, characterized by the fact that the quadrant selector contains the first and second groups of comparators whose information INPUTS are the information inputs of the quadrant selector,
    and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the corresponding AND elements, the outputs of which are the informationalone outputs of the quadrant selector.
    [5]
    5. The device according to Clause 3, characterized in that the computing unit contains the first and second amplifiers, the information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the first and second groups of keys, and the outputs are connected to the information D
    voltage divider, the third amplifier, the information inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the keys of the third group, whose inputs are connected to the information outputs of the corresponding voltage sensors, and the adder, the information inputs of which are connected to the voltage divider and the third amplifier, while some information the inputs of the computing unit are the inputs of the keys of the first and second groups, and the other information inputs of the computing unit are the inputs of the keys of the first, second and third groups of you numeral block
    [6]
    6. The device according to Clause 3, characterized in that the scanning unit is designed as a quadrant photodiode.
    [7]
    7. The device according to Clause 3, characterized in that the scanning unit is made in the form of optoelectronic transducers according to the number of quadrants optically connected with optical fibers to the input surfaces of the quadrants.
    UC-UB 20
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    FIG. 2
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB1164799A|1966-01-07|1969-09-24|Vyzk Ustav Matemat Stroju|Optical Scanning Device|
    US3502880A|1967-03-01|1970-03-24|Vyzk Ustav Matemat Stroju|Automatic curve scanning system|
    US3634689A|1969-04-22|1972-01-11|Hitachi Ltd|Automatic position or condition control devices using relative rotation, linear positioning, and magnification|
    US3970391A|1974-07-29|1976-07-20|Sanders Associates, Inc.|Direction determining method and apparatus|
    FR2386213B1|1977-03-31|1980-08-29|Ibm|
    US4160199A|1977-07-05|1979-07-03|Stewart-Warner Corporation|Line or pattern following system|
    JPS6040017B2|1977-08-19|1985-09-09|Dainippon Screen Mfg|
    DD136070B1|1977-11-24|1980-08-06|Werner Krieg|DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS FLOW AND DIRECTION MEASUREMENT|
    FR2447052B1|1979-01-17|1983-06-10|Dainippon Screen Mfg|CA1241415A|1984-12-03|1988-08-30|James W.A. Salt|Laser direction of arrival detector|
    US4906097A|1987-11-13|1990-03-06|Lasersense, Inc.|Imaging and inspection apparatus and method|
    SE513943C2|1992-07-02|2000-11-27|Celsiustech Electronics Ab|Optical angle meter|
    US5751854A|1992-08-03|1998-05-12|Ricoh Company, Ltd.|Original-discrimination system for discriminating special document, and image forming apparatus, image processing apparatus and duplicator using the original-discrimination system|
    DE4393748T1|1992-08-03|1994-10-20|Ricoh Kk|Template differentiation system for distinguishing a special document, image generation and image processing device and copier|
    US5515182A|1992-08-31|1996-05-07|Howtek, Inc.|Rotary scanner|
    US5440652A|1993-09-10|1995-08-08|Athena Design Systems, Inc.|Method and apparatus for preparing color separations based on n-way color relationships|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US06/341,525|US4433912A|1982-01-21|1982-01-21|Method and a circuit for determining a contour in an image|
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